Slime
no neurons. watch it design a transit map.
a slime mold self-optimizes routes between the food you place
A slime mold with no brain and no plan still finds efficient paths between food sources, reinforcing the routes that get used and letting the rest fade. The same simple rule, run in a real lab, let one of these organisms grow a network that closely resembled Tokyo's actual rail map.
Concepts: emergence, optimization.
An interactive you play with one thumb, on Wundr.